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Cracking: fine cracks in the sidewall or between tread blocks ("dry rot") mean the rubber has aged out — replace, even with deep tread.
Bulges and bubbles: a blister on the sidewall means internal cords have broken, usually from a pothole or curb impact. This is a blowout waiting to happen — replace immediately and do not drive at highway speed.
Cuts and punctures: a puncture in the tread under 1/4 inch can usually be repaired properly with a plug-patch from inside. Punctures in the shoulder or sidewall cannot be repaired safely — replacement only.
Exposed cords or belt: any sign of fabric or steel showing through the rubber means the tire is finished.

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